Summary

This phase III trial studies the effect of tenofovir alafenamide in preventing liver complications in patients with current or past hepatitis B virus (HBV) who are receiving anti-cancer therapy for solid tumors. People with chronic or past HBV who are undergoing therapy for cancer are at an increased risk for changes in the liver which could be minor or severe. Tenofovir alafenamide is a drug that acts against infections caused by HBV and may help reduce the chance that HBV gets worse or comes back in patients receiving anti-cancer therapy for solid tumors.

Objectives

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:
I. To compare the effect of prophylactic anti-HBV therapy versus upon indication anti-HBV therapy on time-to-adverse liver outcomes of liver failure or liver-related death in patients with chronic HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen positive [HBsAg+] and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen positive [anti-HBc+]) receiving anti-cancer therapy for solid tumors.
II. To compare the effect of upon indication anti-HBV therapy versus usual care on time-to-adverse liver outcomes of liver failure or liver-related death in patients with past HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen negative [HBsAg-] and anti-HBc+) receiving anti-cancer therapy for solid tumors.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. Using time-to-event analysis, to compare the effect of anti-HBV therapy versus upon indication anti-HBV therapy on HBV reactivation, on the combined endpoint of adverse liver outcomes (liver failure or liver-related death) and HBV reactivation, and on HBV flare by arm in patients with chronic HBV infection receiving anti-cancer therapy for solid tumors.
II. Using time-to-event analysis, to compare the effect of upon indication anti-HBV therapy versus usual care on HBV reactivation, on the combined endpoint of adverse liver outcomes (liver failure or liver-related death) and HBV reactivation, and on HBV flare by arm in patients with past HBV infection receiving anti-cancer therapy for solid tumors.

TRANSLATIONAL OBJECTIVES:
I. To compare baseline and changes in overall immune status and HBV-specific immune response in patients with solid tumors and chronic or past HBV infection receiving anti-cancer therapy, and to compare the differences in these immune responses by HBV reactivation status.
II. To identify demographic and clinical predictors and correlative immunologic biomarkers of HBV reactivation after receipt of anti-cancer therapy in patients with solid tumors and chronic or past HBV infection.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 groups.

GROUP A (Cohorts 1a & 2a): Patients receive tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) orally (PO) once daily (QD) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) PO QD or entecavir PO QD immediately or within 42 days after initial dose of chemotherapy. Treatment continues for up to 6 months after the last dose of chemotherapy or a maximum of 24 months in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

GROUP B (Cohorts 1b & 2b): Patients receive TAF PO QD or TDF PO QD or entecavir PO QD after HBV reactivation during chemotherapy. Treatment continues for up to 6 months after the last dose of chemotherapy or a maximum of 24 months in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

GROUP C (Cohort 3): Patients receive TAF PO QD or TDF PO QD or entecavir PO QD at the discretion of the physician during usual care. Treatment continues for up to 6 months after discontinuation of usual care or a maximum of 24 months in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 4 weeks for up to 24 months.

Eligibility

1. Patients must be diagnosed with stage I-III solid tumor malignancy; patients with only carcinoma in situ or with stage IV disease are excluded
2. Patients must not have lymphoma, leukemia, or myeloma
3. Patients must not have primary liver cancer, known cirrhosis, or evidence of any malignancy that involves the liver
4. Patients must be planning to receive systemic anti-cancer therapy (either single agent or some combination of systemic cytotoxic therapy, systemic immunotherapy or systemic targeted therapy) for this solid tumor
5. Patients must not have been previously treated with the same anti-cancer therapy regimen that is now anticipated; the anti-cancer therapy does not have to be first-line therapy; prior and/or concurrent radiotherapy is allowed
6. Patients must be registered =< 28 days prior to the planned start date of anti-cancer therapy; if the patient has started systemic anti-cancer therapy, patient must be registered =< 42 days after the initiation of first cycle of anti-cancer therapy
7. Patients who have received prior anti-cancer therapy must have discontinued all previous therapies (excluding planned anti-cancer therapy to occur in conjunction with this study) >= 1 day prior to registration to this study
8. Patients must not have had any cancer therapy regimen that includes anti-CD20
9. Patients must not be receiving antiviral medications active against HBV, including: adefovir, entecavir, lamivudine, telbivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), or any other Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved agents for the treatment of hepatitis B; patients who have previously received antiviral medication must not have required any antiviral medication active against HBV >= 90 days prior to registration to this study
10. Patients must not have had hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy
11. Patients must not be taking or planning to take warfarin
12. Patients who will be treated with TAF must not be taking or planning to take oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifabutin, rifampin, rifapentine, or St. John’s Wort * NOTE: Patients taking or planning to take the above listed concomitant medications may be treated with ETV or TDF (instead of TAF)
13. Patients who will be treated with TAF and are concomitantly taking or plan to take carbamazepine must be given an increased dose of TAF or alternatively be given ETV or TDF
14. Patients must have results for the following HBV tests done within 28 days prior to registration: HBsAg AND anti-HBc (total immunoglobulin [Ig] or IgG, but not IgM only) AND hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs); for the anti-HBs test, quantitative or qualitative (including “indeterminate”) results are allowable
15. Patients must have tested positive for HBsAg or anti-HBc (total Ig, IgG, but not IgM) and must have baseline HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) completed =< 42 days prior to registration
16. Complete blood count (CBC) must be completed =< 28 days prior to registration; results do not need to be in the institutional limits of normal
17. International normalized ratio (INR) must be completed =< 28 days prior to registration; results must =< 1.2 x institutional limits of normal
18. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) must be obtained =< 28 days prior to registration; ALT must be < 1.5 x institutional ULN
19. Total bilirubin must be obtained =< 28 days prior to registration; total bilirubin must be =< 1.5 x institutional ULN
20. Patients must have a baseline calculated creatinine clearance within 28 days prior to registration * NOTE: Patients with reduced creatinine clearance may need a reduced dose of an antiviral drug
21. Patients must not have known current active hepatitis C infection (HCV); active HCV is defined by a detectable HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) level; Note: HCV testing is not required for eligibility
22. Patients must not have a history of human immunodeficiency (HIV) infection; patients with unknown HIV status must have HIV testing completed =< 365 days prior to registration
23. Patients must have Zubrod performance status of 0-2
24. Patients must be at least 18 years old
25. Patients must not be pregnant or nursing, as the safety of the study drug in pregnant and nursing women has not been established; women/men of reproductive potential must have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method; a woman is considered to be of "reproductive potential" if she has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months; in addition to routine contraceptive methods, "effective contraception" also includes heterosexual celibacy and surgery intended to prevent pregnancy (or with a side-effect of pregnancy prevention) defined as a hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy or bilateral tubal ligation; however, if at any point a previously celibate patient chooses to become heterosexually active during the time period for use of contraceptive measures outlined in the protocol, he/she is responsible for beginning contraceptive measures
26. Patients must have specimens collected for submission as outlined
27. Patients must be offered the opportunity to participate in optional translational medicine studies as outlined
28. Patients with impaired decision-making capacity are eligible as long as their neurological or psychological condition does not preclude their safe participation in the study (e.g., tracking pill consumption and reporting adverse events to the investigator)
29. Patients may have concurrent participation in other clinical trials that entail cytotoxic, immunotherapy, targeted therapy; surgical treatment; radiotherapy treatment; or any combination thereof
30. Patients must be informed of the investigational nature of this study and must sign and give written informed consent in accordance with institutional and federal guidelines
31. As a part of the Oncology Patient Enrollment Network (OPEN) registration process the treating institution's identity is provided in order to ensure that the current (within 365 days) date of institutional review board approval for this study has been entered in the system